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A inscrutable , carnivorous marine mammal that lived 23 million class ago clamp down on its mussel dinner similar to the way a sabre - toothed Panthera tigris savvy its larger prey , scientists have found .
PeculiarKolponomos(kol - poh - NO - mos ) , known from only four skulls found in the Pacific Northwest , was in the beginning suppose to be a racoon relation after it was discovered in 1960 . Features from more all over fossils encounter tenner later contribute expert to linkKolponomosto bears . However , its mollusk diet most resemble that of otters — a finding that paleontologists deduced from the skull ' tooth structure and wear pattern .
Kolponomos (left), an extinct marine bear with a diet like that of an otter, chomped like Smilodon (right), a saber-toothed cat. Colors show stress patterns produced by bite simulations.
But when researchers wait more closely at howKolponomosmay have dislodged its hard - shelled mollusk meals from the ocean bottom , they discovered an unexpected resemblance to the bite of a fellow carnivore — Smilodon , the saber - toothed cat , which appeared millions of class later . [ Image Gallery : 25 Amazing Ancient wildcat ]
" Weird carnivore "
consort to Z. Jack Tseng , a atomic number 27 - writer of the study describing the finding , when the researchers ' analysis ofKolponomosbegan , they thought the oddball metal money would be just another " unearthly carnivore " debut into an in - progress and fast - spring up datum solidifying of all living and extinct carnivores .
Tseng , a paleontologist who studiesbite - strength biomechanicsin extinct carnivores at the American Museum of Natural History , is no stranger to curious - chew the fat animals . He had just completed aSmilodonstudy , he distinguish Live Science , and it occurred to him when he first inspectedKolponomosthat there were curious similarities between the skull bodily structure in the sabre - toothed qat and that of the lesser - known shell - crush bear .
" Kolponomoshad no sabre tooth , but other part of the skull — especially the back of the skull where the neck muscles attached — look very similar to the sabre - tooth [ cat ] , " Tseng said . He also noted parallel of latitude in the two animals ' jaw , which thin out toward the back where they met the skull . This lead him to enquire — even though the two species clearly had different diet , could they have used their jaw in the same mode ?
" The abject jaw insaber - toothed catshas been hypothesized to serve as an mainstay to fix the head against the prey , allowing a stable point around which to swing the sabers , " Tseng said . " ForKolponomos , the low jaw would serve the same purpose , of anchoring the foreland to one side of the shell , and then closing the lip and using the very knock-down cervix sinew to wrench and get the quarry off of the rock . "
Reconstructing an extinct brute ’s bite
To find out , Tseng turned to digital methods that are still fairly new for biologists and fossilist , but are usually used by engineer and designer to examine the stresses in building and span . " It ’s the same musical theme , but applied tobiological bodily structure , " Tseng told Live Science .
They scanned the skull with a method called computed X - ray imaging , producing images of internal and external skull structures , which the researchers used to create 3D information processing system model . Once they had the example , the researchers ' ran bite simulation and compared skull strength and inclemency coordinate with forces likemuscles and chomp points .
Tseng explained that they modeled and copy not onlyKolponomosandSmilodonskulls but also the skull of other coinage that were closely related to them . " What we found was that , in efficiency and in skull harshness , KolponomosandSmilodonwere most similar to each other , and not to their closest relative , " Tseng enjoin . " There ’s a connection between how they look and how they solve structurally . "
It may seem odd that an animate being with a diet like a sea otter ’s would have a alimentation strategy like a saber - erose cat ’s , but Tseng suggested thatKolponomos’and otters ' bodies may have differed dramatically in way that caused their feeding habits to deviate . However , without skeleton fossil forKolponomos , it ’s unmanageable to say for sure , Tseng said .
" Sea otters smash shells with rocks , and using shaft removes the selective press to have really substantial jaw , " Tseng said . " We ’ll recover out more if somebody were to discover forelimbs ofKolponomos , but base on its biomechanics , it would have made sense thatKolponomosis more reliant on its mouth . "
For anyone who ’s singular enough to compareKolponomosandSmilodonskulls for themselves , the study authors have made their good example available todownload and 3D print .
The finding were print online today ( March 1 ) in the diary Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
